Victimology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Victimology - Essay Example One of the most difficult jobs as a prosecutor is enforcing a multiple crime offense in one family. The husband makes light of the abuse and puts her down of being concerned or does Mrs Smith feel guilty about causing pain to her family or about her being the cause of her family splitting apart. This is one of the primary reasons why a woman will stay in a violent relationship. The outcome of splitting up the family is far more detrimental and less than staying in the relationship. The Smiths came to Pasadena 9 years ago. They lived out of State when Mary was 4 years old. The Megan law only requires that convicted Sex offenders register every 10 years. We actually have no idea if Mr Smith was a convicted felon. He has lived a quiet life and his daughter will not talk. Up to the age of 14 included, she can be removed from her home. Mrs Smith will not file for an ORDER FOR PROTECTION, the court order which protects both her daughter and herself from further abuse. A restraining order c an be filed. California has new legislation which will help improve on the inadequacies of the Megan Law. This new law would have helped the Smith's deposition as it would not have been accessible to Mr Smith. The Cook Legislation will make it obligatory for out of state sex offenders to register when they come to California. Law Enforcement agencies will give written notification within 1000 feet of pedophiles. The third bill would put a special mark on their driver's license. The last bill will keep private the victim's statement until the court appearance. The last resort to the Smith file is to enforce a no drop policy. Mrs Smith will not testify nor will her daughter. The prosecutor has the right to go and arrest Mr Smith and take him to trial. It is not the claimant who decides to drop all charges. As Mrs Smith is suffering from BWS, she need help herself Each time her daughter was sexually abused, Mrs Smith threatened to go to the police. Having been beaten more than two time s means that you suffer from Battered-Wife-Syndrome. Two cycles of abuse create post-traumatic stress and an inability to be able to react to such things as taking care of the atrocities that are happening to your daughter. Can it be classified as episodic abuse when there are two members in the family? We don't have enough information other than both of them will be needing treatment. The fact that she was beaten when she threaten to go to the authorities shows that Mr Smith was also using emotional blackmail. The power and control wheel is a strong technique: using isolation, minimizing, denying, and blaming, using children, using male privilege using economic abuse using coercion and threats. Part 2 As your client's lawyer you must inform her of the Victim's Bill of Rights of the State of California passed in 2008. She has the right of the following: compensation and restitution as a crime victim: she has the right to be compensated for crime related losses including burial expen ses. restitution fine from $200 to $10 000 to go to fund the Victim Compensation Program as indicated in the Marsy's Law. Any compensation for "pain and suffering" must be brought to civil court As Mrs B lawyer, I must recommend to Mrs B that we contact the California Victim Services to find out all the possibiltiy open to her and her children in regards to the Marsy Law Victims' Bill of Rights Act of 2008. The suggestions above are to give her a general understanding. This Law was set up to provide all victims with rights and due process. She has the right under due process of the law to compensation by tort law. Her husband would have provided for her children and her welfare for a duration of time.. If the judge decides to sentence Mr C to a reduce plea with no

Douglas Spalding Essay Example for Free

Douglas Spalding Essay Douglas Spalding was the architect of ethology, the scientific study of animal behavior. He started his research in the mid 1800s. His studies discounted British empiricist claims that animal skill regarding depth, distance; perception and sound localization were learned by the animals while they were young. Spalding study of ethology involved the determiner of behavior such as instinct is behavior that is predisposed or shaped by natural selection or innate pre-programmed behavior. To address the British empiricist claim that perceptual abilities did not require experience, he conducted an study dealing with instinct. He open a portion of an egg where chicks, baby chickens, not girls, where about to hatch and just before their eyes opened, he opened a piece of the egg, and covered the chicks head with a hood. After removing the hood; the chick showed no effects of not being able to see and was able to locate insects to eat, thus showing innate behavior is extremely valuable in animal behavior and not experience. Critical period research is learning that occurs at a specific age or life stage. Critical period is behavior that’s developed within a specific time frame. Spalding withheld chicks from the mother for 10 days. The chicks didn’t hear or see their mother for ten days. Spalding introduced the chicks to the calls of the mother; however, the chicks did not recognize their mother. Spalding observation showed at particular stages in life innate behavior is developed with a specific time. Spalding experiments and observations supported the claim that animals innate behaviors not experiences is a determiner of behavior.

Environmental Impacts of Food Production, Strawberries

Environmental Impacts of Food Production, Strawberries Introduction The high rate of environmental degradation and the depletion of our ozone layer are some of the reasons supporters of Green Revolution are demanding that food production processes should be energy efficient (Gardner et al., 2008; Perman et al., 2003). This report investigates and compares the possible environmental impacts of strawberry production in these two countries: Spain and UK. The approaches used in this study centre on goal definition and scoping and inventory analysis, which are important components of full life cycle assessments (LCAs) that is significant in analysing the production impacts on the environment. This investigation takes place during the U.Ks in-season production of strawberry: because out-of-season production would be time-consuming and is beyond the scope of this report. All the information presented below about the product system is strictly in accordance with the standardization ISO 14041, which states that: The systems should be adequately described in detail and clarity to allow another (LCA) practitioner to duplicate the inventory analysis, (Marinova et al., 2006). Strawberry Production in the UK Considering the goal and scope of growing strawberries in the UK, the following facts emerge in the course of this process: Goal and Scope: The goal of undertaking life cycle assessment on strawberry production in UK to ascertain the level of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, the possibility of understanding the benefits of the process and investigating if it is doable to engage in green marketing, eco-labeling and energy conservation. The scope is to define strawberry (product), its functional unit, product system and system boundaries. Product definition: Strawberries are traditionally grown in the UK to supply for local consumption. This is because they are mostly grown on small-scale fruit farming, producing only a small proportion of the entire quantity of strawberries consumed in the UK (Janick Paull, 2008). It is helpful to define the kinds of processes required in producing strawberries in the UK. Product function: The main function of strawberry in the UK is to be used as fruit and food supplement that provide the needed nutrients for the body. Some of the nutrients that strawberry produces include but not limited to water, energy (30,000kcal), protein (0.610g), total fat (0.370), Calcium (14,000mg), Potassium (166,000mg), vitamin C (ascorbic) (56,700mg), Cholesterol (0000 mg) and so on. These nutrients are required by human bodies to function properly. And for the fact that strawberries have zero calorie and little fatty contents, they are helpful to maintain ones weight, no matter the quantity of the fruit that was consumed (Berdanier, 2002). Product functional unit: The product functional unit is 100g of UK strawberries, which approximately provide the needed nutrients and supplements outlined above. Product system: the product system for the growing of strawberries in the UK including the following processes: and they are expected to be in conformity with ISO 14041. Growth: Preparation of the soil: choosing higher, frost-free soil which has the temperature above -2oC, and preparation of planting beds for optimum growth. Setting up Cloche or tunnel-protection to protect the strawberries from being damaged by frost during winter; and choosing sunny but least-winded areas for the planting of the strawberries. Final soil preparation is done a month before planting by mixing organic matter and some bonemeal with the soil. And a fertilizer like Growmore is applied to the soil a week before planting of the strawberry. The strawberries are planted in early September or April. The strawberries are protected from pests and diseases by using pesticides against aphids, red spider mite, slugs and powdery mildew. The strawberries are harvested in mid-April. Processing: The harvested raw strawberries are processed using simple methods: They are cleaned, graded and stored in a safer situation so as to prevent them from drying up. Packaging: The strawberries are packaged inside containers of different sizes and kinds. Though, the packaging materials are not expensive ones: they are those that would not make the strawberries price shoot. Quite inexpensive packaging materials. Transportation: The finished strawberry products are transported from the packaging unit to shops and stores where they would be delivered to the buyers. Also, transportation is needed to transport the waste materials back to the fruit farms. System boundaries: The system boundary for the growing of strawberries in UK consists of the following components: (1) Inputs composed of strawberry plantlets, fertilizer, organic matter, water, soil nutrients, pesticides, bonemeal etc; (2) output composed of strawberries, waste plant materials, and so on; (3) Sub-systems include the growth of the strawberries, its processing using some equipment, the packaging of the strawberries in different containers and the transportation of the finished products to the places of consumption. System Environment: The system environment is made up of those things outside the system boundary: in the case of growing strawberries in UK, they include the soil, the strawberry growers, the environmental conditions like weather and pests. Summary of Growing Strawberries in UK This approach above is chosen because it describes in detail the processes for growing strawberries in UK, taking into consideration all the inputs, subsystems, outputs and the environment. These procedures are graphical enough for any future LCA practitioners to digest and follow in repeating the same processes. Most importantly, the explanations of the processes are easily understandable and the materials used in the growing of UK strawberries are commonplace, not expensive and could be easily applied. There are no applications of very expensive technology that could discourage potential LCA practitioners from trying out these processes. Strawberry Production in Spain Looking at the goal and scope of growing strawberries in the Spain, the following facts are important to be considered: Goal and Scope: The goal of carrying out life cycle assessment on strawberry production in Spain is to discover the level of Green House Gas (GHG) emissions, the possibility of understanding the benefits of the process and investigating if it is doable to engage in green marketing, eco-labeling and energy conservation. The scope is to define strawberry (product), its functional unit, product system and system boundaries (Handscombe Handscombe, 2007). Product definition: Strawberries are locally produced in the Spain to supply for local consumers and for the export markets. This is because they are mostly grown on both large- and small-scale fruit farming, producing a large proportion of the quantity of strawberries consumed in Spain and many other countries in the world, including USA and UK. (Janick Paull, 2008). It is helpful to define the kinds of processes required in producing strawberries in Spain. Product function: The main function of strawberry in Spain is to be consumed as fruit and food supplement that will provide the required nutrients for the body. Some of the nutrients that strawberry offers include but not limited to water, energy (30,000kcal), protein (0.610g), total fat (0.370), Calcium (14,000mg), Potassium (166,000mg), vitamin C (ascorbic) (56,700mg), Cholesterol (0000 mg) and so on. These nutrients are required by human bodies to function properly. And for the fact that strawberries have zero calorie and low fatty contents, they are helpful to maintain ones weight, no matter the quantity of the fruit consumed (Berdanier, 2002). They are also used as jams and preserves. Product functional unit: It requires about 150 g of Spanish strawberries to absorb the required quantity of nutrients and supplements that human bodies needed to function properly. Although this minimum quantity may change for different kinds of Spanish strawberries. But the commonly used average amount for Spanish strawberrys functional unit is 100g (Handscombe Handscombe, 2007). Product system: the product system for the growing of strawberries in Spain involves the following processes: and they are executed in accordance with ISO 14041. Growth: Majority of Spanish strawberries are grown in the South Western part of the country, in the Huelva Region. The fruit farms are made up of small-scale gardens owned by individual farmers, and a large-scale farms formed by consortium among many Spanish fruit growers (Medina, 2005). Spanish strawberries are of high grade, and they are planted with fertilizers, organic matter and other growth-enhancing substances. Because of their high quality, Spanish strawberries known as Aguedilla are always in high demand in Europe, including in the United Kingdom. The area where Spanish strawberries are grown has a hot summer and longer sunshine. These weather conditions help strawberries to be grown in large quantity. Processing: The raw Aguedilla are made to pass through the processes of cleaning, grading and storing. The Spanish strawberries are of high quality, and this is why it is marketable all the year round. Packaging: The next process in the production of Spanish strawberries is the packaging: the processed strawberries are packaged in different containers of different sizes. Transportation: since Spanish strawberries are consumed both locally and at overseas. This requires a great deal of transportation. Hence, much energy is used in delivering the finished products to the consumers and buyers. Spanish strawberries are not only marketable in Europe, but also in the United States (Baughen, 2007). This helped the strawberry business in Spain to expand, employing over 30,000 workers for a season (Handscombe Handscombe, 2007). System boundaries: The system boundary for the growing of strawberries in Spain consists of the following components: (1) Inputs composed of strawberry plantlets, fertilizer, organic matter, water, soil nutrients, pesticides, bonemeal etc; (2) output composed of strawberries, waste plant materials, and so on; (3) Sub-systems include the growth of the strawberries, its processing using some equipment, the packaging of the strawberries in different containers and the transportation of the finished products to the places of consumption. System Environment: The system environment is made up of those things outside the system boundary: in the case of growing strawberries in Spain, they include the soil, the strawberry growers, the environmental conditions like weather and pests, and the competitors. Fruit farming in Spain is competitive because many growers are involved in the process. The economy of the South West region of Spain totally depends on these farming activities (Medina, 2005). Summary of the Strawberry Production in Spain The processes of producing strawberry in Spain are similar to any other countries, but what is different is that the magnitude of production in Spain is bigger than any other countries. Hence, more energy is consumed and more wastes are disposed of. The culture of growing strawberries in Spain has become improved of recent, and there are more local growers competing for the markets: some are even forming alliances with one another to mass-produce strawberries. And for the fact that there are markets in Europe and the North America for Spanish strawberries, there is every possibility that the business would continue to grow in Spain, most importantly the area of the country that depends on it for economic miracle. Nowadays, Spanish growers experiment with using special equipment to improve their production activities. Differences between Strawberry Production in UK and Spain Though the methods of producing strawberries in both UK and Spain appear similar, but there are some great differences between them. Some of these differences are highlighted below: Strawberries in the UK are mostly grown under heated greenhouses or polytunnels; but they are only grown in polytunnels in Spain. Strawberries are available all-year round in Spain, while it is seasonal in the UK (summer only). The amount of labour used by strawberry growers in Spain in far greater than those used in the UK. Strawberry growing in Spain uses a lot of water and land (polytunnels), while in UK more heating energy is required to protect the strawberries. More energy is used in the transportation of strawberries in Spain than in the UK. Spain generates more wastes than the UK in the entire strawberry production processes. Growing strawberry in the UK is environmentally friendlier than doing the same in Spain. There is more competition in Spain than in the UK; hence, this could lead to adulteration of strawberries through sharp practices to reduce costs. References Baughen, S. (2007). International trade and the protection of the environment. London: Routledge-Cavendish. Berdanier, C.D. (2002). Handbook of nutrition and food. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. Gardner, G., Prugh, T., Starke, L. Worldwatch Institute (2008). State of the world 2008: innovation for a sustainable economy. London: Earthscan. Handscombe, C. Handscombe, D. (2007). Growing healthy fruit in Spain: From strawberries to oranges and watermelons. Malaga, Spain: Santana Books. Janick, J. Paull, R.E. (2008). The encyclopedia of fruit and nuts. Oxfordshire, United Kingdom: CABI. Marinova, D., Annandale, D. Phillimore, J. (2006). The international handbook on environmental technology. London: Edward Elgar Publishing. Medina, F.X. (2005). Food culture in Spain. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group. Perman, R., Ma, Y., Common, M. McGilvray, J. (2003). Natural resources and environmental economics. 3rd Edition. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education.

Lucas: King Of Film :: essays research papers fc

Lucas: King of Film Whether it be through his epic Star Wars saga, or through the exalted special effects crew he pioneered, Industrial Light and Magic, he continues to amaze audiences world wide. His name in synonymous with famous directors/producers in the world. His impacts reach out in more fields than just film. He has created companies that produce award winning video games, toy companies produce action figures designed after characters from his movies, many books by many authors based on his original film stories, and countless other wings of Lucas' reign exist in today's world. Since his youth, George Lucas has experienced many influences, which in turn push him to make the greatest contributions to the film industry which leave an ever increasing impact on film today and the world. Throughout history, it is apparent that those who are recognized as "great ones" were influenced in some way or another to become the leader who they are. In George Lucas' case, he was greatly influenced in his late teens and early twenties. Lucas claims to have chased girls and raced cars throughout high school, and barely made it through (Moritz 258). Soon after high school, Lucas attended Modesto Junior College in California and continued to work on cars as his main interest (Moritz 258). In Smith, Lucas is quoted saying, "I was a hell-raiser; lived, ate, breathed cars! That was everything for me"(84). Lucas even worked on pit crews for race cars when he met Haskell Wexler, who introduced him to film (Moritz 258). Eventually Lucas realized his new passion was film. Mr. Wexler helped Lucas gain admission into the University of Southern California's film department (Moritz 260). In college Lucas was the head of his film classes winning many awards and accolades. His first feature movie in college was titled THX-1138 and won his university's award for best film (Moritz 259). Lucas is also inspired by his circle of friends and fellow directors, producers, and collaborations with them. With the success of THX-1138 at the university, Lucas was awarded the chance to be an observer on the set of Finian's Rainbow directed by University of Southern California alumnus Francis Ford Coppola (Champlin 7). Soon the two began to chat, and then became friends, so Coppola let Lucas work for him on the movie. With his hard work, Lucas earned the respect of Coppola who in turn did Lucas the favor of convincing producers to let Lucas direct a major motion picture (Moritz 7). Lucas' first major motion picture was American Graffiti, with this film Coppola had given Lucas the chance to make a foothold in the film industry, and he certainly did.

Racial Discrimination Essay

The scene of ghettosThe with poor living conditions of the ghettos in whichwhere black people live is not uncommon. , Iit actually manifests a larger picture of racial discrimination which is closely related to poverty. Racial discrimination is about the pre-conceived notion that black people are inferior; they are more prone to violence and totally relianty on social welfare to survive. As a result of these stereotypical images, black people receive low quality education and they will have less job opportunities, not to mention the limited access to the welfare system. In this essay, we shall discuss whether racial discrimination causes poverty among this minority community in America. Racial discrimination undoubtedly appears in the education system in AmericaAmerica’s education system, as Gordon, Piana and Keleher (2000) points out that the public schools in America failed to provide the same quality education for the blacks compared to the whites. In minority schools where African American and Latino are concentratedthere is a concentration of African-Americans and Latinos, there are limited resources and professionally trained teachers for students. Tthis phenomenon conveys that resources are unevenly distributed among schools as a result of racism. Besides resources and quality of teachers, there is a higher rate of suspension and expulsion for black people, as suggested in the search by Applied Research Center for Expose Racism and Advance School Excellence, suspension and expulsion rate is three times higher for African AmericanAfrican-Americans, with the rate of 56% compared to 18% of general school population. This may be due to the unfairness in treating the treatment of black people in the case of zero-tolerance policies such as the Gun-Free School Act (GFSA) enacted in 1994. It is important to note that schools expel African AmericanAfrican-American students at a disproportionate rate compared to white studentsstudents, as schools seem to have a convenient reason to expel the â€Å"unwanted† students. This clearly illustrates how such kind of policpoliciesy aggravates existing disparities in the education system. Uneven distribution of wealth is also a major problem, causing poverty among black people. It is suggested that due to racial segregation and a controlled political environment by white people, black people usually find it difficult to assimilate themselves into the labor force and civil society (Ducan, 1999). In the U. S. , per capita income of the whites is almost five times more than that of the blacks, which clearly illustrates the serious problem of a widening wealth gap between these twodifferent racial groups. The findings from Mean Racial Wealth Gap across 181 U. S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas shows that the standard deviation of wage between the blacks and the whites is the highest in among comparison toof different racial groups such as Latinos and white people and Asians and white people. , Iit clearly points out that the most severe wealth gap exists between black and white people. However, upward mobility is restricted for the black blacks as they face racial discrimination in the process of hiring and firing. Only about half of working-age black men are employed, compared to two-thirds of white men, but even if black menpeople are employed, they are usually engaged in low-paid jobs so that they can barely affordsupport their daily expenses. It is likely that black people are being exploited in the labor market because they are seen as racial minorities (McCall, 2001). As a result of lower wage rate comparably, black people are more likely to live under the poverty line than white people. It seems to be a logical conclusion that sinceas black people are less able to support themselves, they will become the major beneficiary of the welfare system. However, figures show the opposite situation; , only 7. 7% of retirement insurance are received by black peopleblack people receive only 7. 7% of retirement insurances. Researches also shows that a social welfare other than retirement insurance, such as disability insurance, medical healthcare and housing, benefit black people to a limited extent (Davies & Derthick, 1997). Another example of institutional racism is that in hospitals in AmericaAmerican hospitals, black people will beare segregated from white people, and and they will receive lower quality of medical healthcare services. han white people and Hhospitals that primarily serve the minority community are disproportionately closed without sound reasons (Randall, 2011). All these examples clearly illustrate the fact that equal opportunity isare not provided to people of different races. , Ppeople in need are not being subsidized enough simply because they are black people. The two social problems of, racial discrimination and poverty should not be seen as separated issues. , Iin fact, they are closely correlated in the sense that racial discrimination directly causes poverty. The three arguments above portray a vicious cycle: low education level will cause black people to have less job opportunities, together with limited social welfare, and the resulting ins poverty. When a family does not have enough resources to support their children to receive better education, poverty will pass on to the next generation. Black people end up being socially and economically inferior compared with to white people. Racial discrimination undeniablye creates and perpetuates unbalanced economic opportunitiesy, which should be eradicated in all sense.

Pizza Hut Essay

Executive Summary Pizza Hut is one of the leading pizza restaurant companies in the world in terms of both the number of outlets and the percentage of market share that it holds. Pizza Hut’s main purposes are to provide foods and services of superior quality and value that improve the lives of the world’s consumers, now and for generations to come. Pizza Hut believes a plentiful and leveraged diverse strategy is a competitive advantage. Their goal is to grow that competitive edge by fostering an inclusive culture. Diversity is a business strategy for Pizza Hut. It’s an intentional choice that creates sustainable competitive advantage.This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current and prospective liquidity and financial stability of Pizza Hut. Methods of analysis include Company Overview, Entry Strategies, Entry Restrictions, Political, Cultural Values, Economical Conditions, CSR programs, Marketing Mix, etc. Company Overview Early History: Pizza Hut was founded in June 15, 1958 by brothers Dan and Frank Carney in their hometown of Wichita, Kansas. When a friend suggested opening a pizza parlor—then a rarity—they agreed that the idea could prove successful, and they borrowed $600 from their mother to start a business with partner John Bender. Renting a small building at 503 South Bluff in downtown Wichita and purchasing secondhand equipment to make pizzas, the Carneys and Bender opened the first Pizza Hut restaurant; on opening night, they gave pizza away to encourage community interest. A year later, in 1959, Pizza Hut was incorporated in Kansas, and Dick Hassur opened the first franchise unit in Topeka. Pizza Hut Today: Pizza Hut is not only the acknowledged leader of pizza industry worldwide, but it is also the world’s largest pizza chain with more than 6,100 restaurants in the United States and over 5,500 restaurants in 97 countries  and territories around the world, employing more than 300,000 people, serving 1.7 million pizzas everyday to more than seven million customers. Pizza Hut’s Mission Statement: We take pride in making a perfect pizza and providing courteous and helpful service on time all the time. Every customer says, â€Å"I’ll be back!† We are the employer of choice offering team members opportunities for growth, advancement, and rewarding careers in a fun, safe working environment. We are accountable for profitability in everything we do, providing our shareholders with value growth. Core Values: P.E.A.R.L.S Passionfor excellence in doing every thing Execute with positive energy and urgency Accountablefor growth in customer satisfaction Recognize the achievements of others Listen and more importantly, respond to the voice of customers Vision: The vision of â€Å"Pizza Hut† is that â€Å"reach on the top of the peak to provide best service and taste† & â€Å"To see Yum on customer’s face†. Present Major Goals: Our goal is to reach 85% recognition of the new product in our target market. As with all businesses, the most important goal of a company is to increase revenue and profits. Customer satisfaction is for most. Practice what we preach: integrity, ethics and open communication. SWOT Analysis: Strengths Part of the largest restaurant chain in the world Over 20,000 franchises around the world Brand leader in the UK Innovative range of pizzas under one roof Famous television advertising Weaknesses Loyal customers are feeling that the satisfaction of the pizzas is declining. While Novak said Pizza Hut’s expansion into China is going exceedingly well. There are complex computer systems and internal conflicts from franchisees. Opportunities New Pizzas with different crust sizes and flavours. Pizza Hut expands Indian market menu and looks to old favourite to bolstersales in the US Pizza Hut targets upscale products and a downscale consumer base. Threats Rising competition undermines Pizza Hut as consumers go for greater convenience. Rising cheese costs threaten margins. Threat from Dominos pizza, also from Mc Donald’s who have tried to introduce a new meal that is a Pizza called: McPizza. Country of its Origin: Headquartered in 7100 Corporate Drive Plano, Texas 75024, United States, Pizza Hut is a subsidiary of Yum! Brands, Inc., the world’s largest restaurant company. Countries of its operations: Japan Mexico Spain Germany Russia China Singapore Malaysia U.K. U.S., etc. Competitors: McDonalds Dominos Subway Smokin Joes TacoBell Papa John’s Pizza Competitor Analysis: Many pizza chains decided to diversify and offer new non-pizza items such as Buffalo wings and Italian cheese bread. The current trend in pizza chains today is the same. They all try to come up with some newer, bigger, better pizza for a low price. Offering special promotions and new pizza variations are popular today as well. For example, chicken is now a common topping found on pizzas. Entry Strategies Entry Strategy In Bangladesh, Pizza Hut has done market development. Pizza Hut has made pizza familiar to the people of Bangladesh. Pizza Hut is the 1st chain restaurant of Bangladesh. Advantages Pizza Hut has always had the first mover advantage. Their marketing strategy in the past has always been to be first. Pizza Hut has a good brand image which helped them to reach their target customer easily. For good brand image Pizza Hut has easily become the market leader. Disadvantages For their brand image Pizza Hut has less chance for diversification. Less â€Å"Freedom of choice† for customers in menu. Less opportunity for product development. Entry Restrictions There is no such entry restriction in Bangladesh. Multinationals face different entry restrictions in some countries.Such as- High tax rate High registration fee High establishment expence Quota system High employment rate High production cost Political, Cultural Values and Economical Condition For political ups and down the economical growth hampers. As a result disposable income can be reducing. It is a concern for Pizza Hut. Pizza is a western food. It does not match with Bangladeshi culture. But urban people of Bangladesh are being attracted to western culture. So we are hoping that customers of Pizza Hut will increase day by day and gradually people of our country will accept pizza as a common food. The GDP of south asian countries are increasing day by day. So it’s a good opportunity and high time to establish any business in this continent. Extrinsic and Intrinsic, Motivational and Hygienic factors/rewards Extrinsic Rewards: Extrinsic reward is something given as a recognition of good work. Pizza Hut offers various kinds of extrinsic rewards to its employees, which are: Pay Raises Promotions Awards Intrinsic Rewards: Intrinsic reward means personal satisfaction felt for a job well done. Employees who work in Pizza Hut take â€Å"Pride in their performance† and develop a â€Å"Sense of achievement† Motivational Factors: Motivational factors are job factors that cause the employees to be productive and keep them satisfied. The motivational factors offered by Pizza Hut are: Attainment Acknowledgement Job itself Accountability Career augmentation Hygienic Factors: Hygienic factors are those that can cause dissatisfaction if missing but that do not necessarily motivates employees. Hygienic factors offered by Pizza Hut are: Compensation Benefits of employee Policy for company Job safety Working environment Inter-personal relations Supervisor’s attitude Motivational Theories Followed By Pizza Hut: Pizza Hut follows â€Å"Theory Y†, â€Å"Adam’s Equity Theory† and â€Å"Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory† in treating its employees in all countries. The theories which have been described are the shedding of motivation. Nonetheless the theories are followed; the most important factors are the fascinating work and intensive pay for the employee. If there is the proper configuration in between individual and proficient objects, then employee motivation is an easy task. There are other choices such as job improvement, enhancement, encouragement, fiscal and non-fiscal reward (e.g. identification) should be well thought-out. It may be really tough to moderate the reward system of an organization for all individuals but it is possible to formulate an acceptable method which is suitable for both employees and company. CSR Programs Corporate Social Responsibility means the concern businesses have for the welfare of society. It is based on a commitment to integrity, fairness and respect.CSR proponents argue that businesses owe their existence to the societies they serve and cannot exist in societies that fail. Pizza Hut’s some great CSR programs are: As the largest pizza restaurant company in the world, with approximately 6,200 locations in the US, Pizza Hut is proud of the change it affected as the official World Food Programme sponsor and partner. But, as a company with deep roots in the Dallas-Fort Worth community (its HQs are in Plano and it has124 restaurants across the metroplex), Pizza Hut is especially proud of the relationship that they’ve formed with Children’s Medical Center and the opportunity it’s afforded them to invest in and impact their community, year-round.Over the last year, Pizza Hut employees have read to patients at Children’s, hosted patient â€Å"Pizza Pal† craft parties, been a food partner for the annual Red Balloon Run & Ride, and sponsored the Children’s Medical Center Holiday Parade. With Children’s doing its part to Make It GreatTM in the DFW community, Pizza Hut is thrilled to be the presenting sponsor of the 25th Annual Children’s Medical Cen ter Holiday Parade, which promises to be the best parade to date! Pizza Hut has integrated the â€Å"Carry Out for Literacy† card into their corporate image and giving. Proceeds from the card flow into a donor advised fund at the Hawaii Community Foundation, where HCF helps to evaluate potential grants supporting literacy. Pizza Hut (UK) supports the Starlight Children’s Foundation, a registered charity that works to brighten the lives of seriously ill children by granting their wishes and entertaining them while they are in hospital. Wishes can range from going to Disneyland, to meeting a favourite soap star or even winning the Grand Prix! Each year the demand grows for wishes, Starlight Fun Centers (mobile entertaining trolleys), Starlight Hospital Projects, hospital parties and outings. Pizza Hut employees have been fundraising the length and breadth of the UK for Starlight and are always looking for new and innovative ways to raise further support. All these progra ms are philanthropy based because they included charitable donations. Marketing Mix Product Pizza Hut’s main product is Pizza. Price The price of pizza is high for people of Bangladesh Place Pizza Hut has outlets in Dhaka and Chittagong only. Promotion Pizza Hut has doing promotion for their target customers. Physical Evidence The outlets of Pizza Hut are the only physical evidence of Pizza Hut. People Pizza Hut hires educated and well manner people for their service. Positioning Pizza Hut has position themselves by creating values and believes. IMC Campaign of Pizza Hut At present Pizza Hut is putting on their billboards in major places of Chittagong and Dhaka city. In these billboards they have mainly focused on their offerings and discounts. Pizza Hut is using print media a lot for their IMC campaign, such as- News paper, magazines, periodicals etc. In there, they have also focused on their different offerings and discounts. During Ramadan they give a special offer for customers. Pizza Hut offers buffet pizza for customers and the person who eats maximum pizza, he gets free buffet for the next day. At present Pizza Hut has introduced â€Å"Pizza Hut Delivery† (PHD) in major places of Dhaka and Chittagong city. And to introduce PHD they have used billboards, leaflets and print media ads a lot. Contingency Strategies TVC (Television commercial)- Pizza Hut can use TVC for their promotional campaign. Pizza Hut can do campaign in schools, colleges and universities. Pizza Hut can do campaign in major commercial places. Pizza Hut can use FM radio for their promotion. Pizza Hut can sponsors different events for their promotion. Pizza Hut can do market research to find out what kind of promotional activities will affect their target customers. Pizza Hut can arrange contests for youth. Pizza Hut can introduce less fat and calorie pizzas for aged people. Guerilla marketing can be very effective for Pizza Hut. Conclusion Pizza Hut has many targets which it has achieved in a given period of time. The time-period is mostly a year. Therefore, in order to fulfill the targets different strategies are adopted by Pizza Hut. It can be concluded that these strategies have been successful and there is flexibility in the strategies, as they can be changed with the changes in the market conditions as well as the targets. Reference â€Å"CSR Program†, accessed 20 April 2013, ‘Pizza Hut’, wiki article, April 19, 2013, accessed 20 April 2013, . William G. Nickels; James M. McHugh; Susan M. McHugh (2010). Understanding Business, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill Irwin, NY.